Software Engineer Interview Experience

Amazon's development team is working on a feature for a new product, a smart array processor. In this smart processor, quite simply, given an array of numbers and instructions on which parts of the array to pick and combine into a new array, for each number in the original array, if it's included in the new array, its efficiency is O; otherwise, the efficiency is the count of smaller numbers in the new array. The goal is to add up the efficiencies for all numbers in the original array. A user has provided an integer array called arr of sizen and a 2-dimensional array called pairs of size m x 2. Eachpair in the pairs array represents the starting and ending indices of a subarray within arr. For each subarray of arr represented by the array pairs, the goal is to merge and concatenate them into a new array called efficient. The efficiency of an element at index i in arris defined as follows: if the index i has not contributed to the formation of the array efficient, the efficiency is the count of integers in efficient that have a value strictly smaller than arlil. If the index i has contributed to the formation of the array efficient, its efficiency is o. Find the sum of the efficiency of all the elements in the array arr. Example n = 6 arr = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5] m = 4 pairs = [[0, 1], [3, 4], [0, 0], [3, 4]] On concatenating all the subarrays represented by pairs, we get efficient= [1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 2, 4] The indices 2 and 5, don't contribute to the formation of the array efficient. •For index 0, arr[0] = 1, the index has contributed to the formation of efficient, hence its efficiency is 0. • For index 1, arr[1] = 2, the index has contributed to the formation of efficient, hence its efficiency is 0. • For index 2, arr[2] = 3, the elements [1, 2, 2, 1, 2] are smaller than 3, having count = 5, hence its efficiency is 5. •For index 3, arr[3] = 2, the index has contributed to the formation of efficient, hence its efficiency is 0. • For index 4, arr[4] = 4, the index has contributed to the formation of efficient, hence its efficiency is 0. • For index 5, arr[5] = 5, the elements [1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 2, 4] are smaller than 5, having count = 7, hence its efficiency is 7. The sum of the efficiencies of elements in arr = 0+0+5+0+0 + 7 = 12, hence the answer is 12.