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Coding Interview Questions

Review this list of 137 interview questions and answers verified by hiring managers and candidates.
  • Microsoft logoAsked at Microsoft 
    15 answers
    Video answer for 'Find the number of rotations in a circularly sorted array.'
    +10

    "function findRotations(nums) { if (nums.length 0 && nums[mid] > nums[mid-1]) { left = mid; } else { right = mid; } } return rig"

    Tiago R. - "function findRotations(nums) { if (nums.length 0 && nums[mid] > nums[mid-1]) { left = mid; } else { right = mid; } } return rig"See full answer

    Software Engineer
    Data Structures & Algorithms
    +1 more
  • 7 answers
    +4

    "-- Write your query here select u.userid as userid, IFNULL(sum(purchase_value), 0) AS LTV FROM user_sessions u JOIN attribution a ON u.sessionid = a.sessionid group by user_id order by LTV desc ; Needs a full join. Wondering why cant we do a left outer join here. All the sessions should have complete data."

    Aneesha K. - "-- Write your query here select u.userid as userid, IFNULL(sum(purchase_value), 0) AS LTV FROM user_sessions u JOIN attribution a ON u.sessionid = a.sessionid group by user_id order by LTV desc ; Needs a full join. Wondering why cant we do a left outer join here. All the sessions should have complete data."See full answer

    Data Engineer
    Coding
    +3 more
  • Uber logoAsked at Uber 
    10 answers
    Video answer for 'A knapsack has a maximum capacity C and there are n items each with weight w[i] and value v[i]. Maximize the knapsack value without exceeding capacity.'
    +7

    " DP Solution Time: O(W * C) Space: O(W * C) from typing import List def knapsack(weight: List[int], values: List[int], cap: int) -> int: dp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range( len(values) + 1 )] for i in range(1, len(weight)+1): for c in range(1, cap + 1): curr_weight = weight[i - 1] curr_value = values[i - 1] include = 0 exclude = dpi-1 if c - curr_weight >= 0: include = curr_valu"

    Rick E. - " DP Solution Time: O(W * C) Space: O(W * C) from typing import List def knapsack(weight: List[int], values: List[int], cap: int) -> int: dp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range( len(values) + 1 )] for i in range(1, len(weight)+1): for c in range(1, cap + 1): curr_weight = weight[i - 1] curr_value = values[i - 1] include = 0 exclude = dpi-1 if c - curr_weight >= 0: include = curr_valu"See full answer

    Software Engineer
    Data Structures & Algorithms
    +2 more
  • 9 answers
    +4

    "-- Write your query here select avg(julianday(dateend) - julianday(datestart)) as average_duration from campaign; `"

    Anonymous Roadrunner - "-- Write your query here select avg(julianday(dateend) - julianday(datestart)) as average_duration from campaign; `"See full answer

    Coding
    SQL
  • 7 answers
    +3

    "-- The text of the task is a bit confusing. If the status is repeated several -- times, then in the end you should show as start_date the date of the first -- occurrence, and in end_date the date of the last occurrence of this status, -- and not the date of the beginning of the next status with t1 as (select order_id, status, orderdate as startdate, lead(orderdate) over (partition by orderid order by orderdate) as enddate, ifnull(lag(status) over (partition by order_id order by or"

    Alexey T. - "-- The text of the task is a bit confusing. If the status is repeated several -- times, then in the end you should show as start_date the date of the first -- occurrence, and in end_date the date of the last occurrence of this status, -- and not the date of the beginning of the next status with t1 as (select order_id, status, orderdate as startdate, lead(orderdate) over (partition by orderid order by orderdate) as enddate, ifnull(lag(status) over (partition by order_id order by or"See full answer

    Coding
    SQL
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  • 11 answers
    +8

    "select customer_id, order_date, orderid as earliestorder_id from ( select customer_id, order_date, order_id, rownumber() over (partition by customerid, orderdate order by orderdate) as orderrankper_customer from orders ) sub_table where orderrankper_customer=1 order by orderdate, customerid; Standard solution assumed that the orderid indicates which order comes in first. However this is not always the case, and sometime orderid can be random number withou"

    Jessica C. - "select customer_id, order_date, orderid as earliestorder_id from ( select customer_id, order_date, order_id, rownumber() over (partition by customerid, orderdate order by orderdate) as orderrankper_customer from orders ) sub_table where orderrankper_customer=1 order by orderdate, customerid; Standard solution assumed that the orderid indicates which order comes in first. However this is not always the case, and sometime orderid can be random number withou"See full answer

    Coding
    SQL
  • Adobe logoAsked at Adobe 
    10 answers
    +6

    "bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root, long min = LONGMIN, long max = LONGMAX){ if (root == NULL) return true; if (root->val val >= max) return false; return isValidBST(root->left, min, root->val) && isValidBST(root->right, root->val, max); } `"

    Alvaro R. - "bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root, long min = LONGMIN, long max = LONGMAX){ if (root == NULL) return true; if (root->val val >= max) return false; return isValidBST(root->left, min, root->val) && isValidBST(root->right, root->val, max); } `"See full answer

    Software Engineer
    Data Structures & Algorithms
    +4 more
  • Meta logoAsked at Meta 
    8 answers
    Video answer for 'Sort a doubly linked list using merge sort.'
    +4

    " from typing import Optional class Node: def init(self, val: int, prev: Optional['Node'] = None, next: Optional['Node'] = None): self.val = val self.prev = prev self.next = next def split(head): if not head or not head.next: return head slow = head fast = head.next while fast and fast.next: slow = slow.next fast = fast.next.next mid = slow.next slow.next = None if mid: mid.prev = None "

    Akash C. - " from typing import Optional class Node: def init(self, val: int, prev: Optional['Node'] = None, next: Optional['Node'] = None): self.val = val self.prev = prev self.next = next def split(head): if not head or not head.next: return head slow = head fast = head.next while fast and fast.next: slow = slow.next fast = fast.next.next mid = slow.next slow.next = None if mid: mid.prev = None "See full answer

    Data Structures & Algorithms
    Coding
    +1 more
  • 15 answers
    +11

    "WITH previous AS(SELECT viewer_id, watch_hours, LAG(watchhours) OVER(PARTITION BY viewerid ORDER BY year, month) AS previous_hours, year, month FROM watch_time GROUP BY viewer_id, year, month ), streaks AS(SELECT viewer_id, SUM(CASE WHEN previoushours IS NOT NULL AND previoushours = 3 `"

    Alvin P. - "WITH previous AS(SELECT viewer_id, watch_hours, LAG(watchhours) OVER(PARTITION BY viewerid ORDER BY year, month) AS previous_hours, year, month FROM watch_time GROUP BY viewer_id, year, month ), streaks AS(SELECT viewer_id, SUM(CASE WHEN previoushours IS NOT NULL AND previoushours = 3 `"See full answer

    Coding
    SQL
  • Apple logoAsked at Apple 
    7 answers
    +3

    "This could be done using two-pointer approach assuming array is sorted: left and right pointers. We need track two sums (left and right) as we move pointers. For moving pointers we will move left to right by 1 (increment) when right sum is greater. We will move right pointer to left by 1 (decrement) when left sum is greater. at some point we will either get the sum same and that's when we exit from the loop. 0-left will be one array and right-(n-1) will be another array. We are not going to mo"

    Bhaskar B. - "This could be done using two-pointer approach assuming array is sorted: left and right pointers. We need track two sums (left and right) as we move pointers. For moving pointers we will move left to right by 1 (increment) when right sum is greater. We will move right pointer to left by 1 (decrement) when left sum is greater. at some point we will either get the sum same and that's when we exit from the loop. 0-left will be one array and right-(n-1) will be another array. We are not going to mo"See full answer

    Software Engineer
    Data Structures & Algorithms
    +2 more
  • Spotify logoAsked at Spotify 

    Balanced Tree

    IDE
    Medium
    11 answers
    +8

    "function visitChildren(node) { let leftSubtreeHeight = 0; let rightSubtreeHeight = 0; let isChildrenBalanced = true; if (node.left) { const { isBalanced, height } = visitChildren(node.left); isChildrenBalanced = isChildrenBalanced && isBalanced; leftSubtreeHeight += height + 1; } if (isChildrenBalanced && node.right) { const { isBalanced, height } = visitChildren(node.right); isChildrenBalanced = isChildrenBalanced && isBalan"

    Tiago R. - "function visitChildren(node) { let leftSubtreeHeight = 0; let rightSubtreeHeight = 0; let isChildrenBalanced = true; if (node.left) { const { isBalanced, height } = visitChildren(node.left); isChildrenBalanced = isChildrenBalanced && isBalanced; leftSubtreeHeight += height + 1; } if (isChildrenBalanced && node.right) { const { isBalanced, height } = visitChildren(node.right); isChildrenBalanced = isChildrenBalanced && isBalan"See full answer

    Software Engineer
    Data Structures & Algorithms
    +1 more
  • 13 answers
    +10

    "Node* getLeftMostChild(Node* node){ while(node->left){ node = node->left; } return node; } Node* findInOrderSuccessor( Node *inputNode ) { int val = inputNode->key; if(inputNode->right){ return getLeftMostChild(inputNode->right); }else{ inputNode = inputNode->parent; while(inputNode && inputNode->key parent; } return inputNode; } } "

    Jack99 - "Node* getLeftMostChild(Node* node){ while(node->left){ node = node->left; } return node; } Node* findInOrderSuccessor( Node *inputNode ) { int val = inputNode->key; if(inputNode->right){ return getLeftMostChild(inputNode->right); }else{ inputNode = inputNode->parent; while(inputNode && inputNode->key parent; } return inputNode; } } "See full answer

    Data Structures & Algorithms
    Coding
  • 14 answers
    +11

    "Good Question, but I would've marked this as medium not hard difficulty, since it's just a straightforward traversal."

    Ahmed A. - "Good Question, but I would've marked this as medium not hard difficulty, since it's just a straightforward traversal."See full answer

    Data Structures & Algorithms
    Coding
  • 13 answers
    +9

    "function getDifferentNumberImmutable(arr) { const exists = new Array(arr.length).fill(false); for (let item of arr) { exists[item] = true; } for (let i=0; i < exists.length; i++) { if (!exists[i]) { return i; } } return arr.length; } function getDifferentNumber(arr) { let i=0; while (i < arr.length) { while (arr[i] < arr.length && arr[i] !== i) { // switch (arr[i] and arr[arr[i]]) const j = arr[i]; const temp = arr[j]; arr[j]"

    Tiago R. - "function getDifferentNumberImmutable(arr) { const exists = new Array(arr.length).fill(false); for (let item of arr) { exists[item] = true; } for (let i=0; i < exists.length; i++) { if (!exists[i]) { return i; } } return arr.length; } function getDifferentNumber(arr) { let i=0; while (i < arr.length) { while (arr[i] < arr.length && arr[i] !== i) { // switch (arr[i] and arr[arr[i]]) const j = arr[i]; const temp = arr[j]; arr[j]"See full answer

    Data Structures & Algorithms
    Coding
  • 7 answers
    +4

    "SELECT i.item_category, o.order_date, SUM(o.orderquantity) AS totalunits_ordered FROM orders o JOIN items i ON o.itemid = i.itemid WHERE o.order_date >= DATE('now', '-6 days') GROUP BY i.item_category, o.order_date ORDER BY i.item_category ASC, o.order_date ASC;"

    Anonymous Tortoise - "SELECT i.item_category, o.order_date, SUM(o.orderquantity) AS totalunits_ordered FROM orders o JOIN items i ON o.itemid = i.itemid WHERE o.order_date >= DATE('now', '-6 days') GROUP BY i.item_category, o.order_date ORDER BY i.item_category ASC, o.order_date ASC;"See full answer

    Coding
    SQL
  • 10 answers
    +7

    "with t1 as (select employee_name, department_id, salary, avg(salary) over (partition by departmentid) as avgsalary, abs(salary - avg(salary) over (partition by department_id)) as diff from employees ) select employee_name, department_id, salary, avg_salary, denserank() over (partition by departmentid order by diff desc) as deviation_rank from t1 order by departmentid asc, deviationrank asc, employee_name `"

    Alexey T. - "with t1 as (select employee_name, department_id, salary, avg(salary) over (partition by departmentid) as avgsalary, abs(salary - avg(salary) over (partition by department_id)) as diff from employees ) select employee_name, department_id, salary, avg_salary, denserank() over (partition by departmentid order by diff desc) as deviation_rank from t1 order by departmentid asc, deviationrank asc, employee_name `"See full answer

    Coding
    SQL
  • Sales Path

    IDE
    Medium
    12 answers
    +9

    "function getCheapestCost(rootNode) { let cost = rootNode.cost; if (rootNode.children.length === 0) { return cost; } let minCost = Infinity; for (let child of rootNode.children) { minCost = Math.min(minCost, getCheapestCost(child)); } return cost + minCost; } `"

    Tiago R. - "function getCheapestCost(rootNode) { let cost = rootNode.cost; if (rootNode.children.length === 0) { return cost; } let minCost = Infinity; for (let child of rootNode.children) { minCost = Math.min(minCost, getCheapestCost(child)); } return cost + minCost; } `"See full answer

    Data Structures & Algorithms
    Coding
  • 8 answers
    +5

    "SELECT u.id as user_id, u.name, COUNT(t.product_id) AS orders FROM users u JOIN transactions t ON t.user_id = u.id JOIN products p ON p.id = t.product_id GROUP BY u.id, u.name ORDER BY orders DESC LIMIT 1 `"

    Derrick M. - "SELECT u.id as user_id, u.name, COUNT(t.product_id) AS orders FROM users u JOIN transactions t ON t.user_id = u.id JOIN products p ON p.id = t.product_id GROUP BY u.id, u.name ORDER BY orders DESC LIMIT 1 `"See full answer

    Coding
    SQL
  • Adobe logoAsked at Adobe 
    13 answers
    +10

    "from typing import List def traprainwater(height: List[int]) -> int: if not height: return 0 l, r = 0, len(height) - 1 leftMax, rightMax = height[l], height[r] res = 0 while l < r: if leftMax < rightMax: l += 1 leftMax = max(leftMax, height[l]) res += leftMax - height[l] else: r -= 1 rightMax = max(rightMax, height[r]) "

    Anonymous Roadrunner - "from typing import List def traprainwater(height: List[int]) -> int: if not height: return 0 l, r = 0, len(height) - 1 leftMax, rightMax = height[l], height[r] res = 0 while l < r: if leftMax < rightMax: l += 1 leftMax = max(leftMax, height[l]) res += leftMax - height[l] else: r -= 1 rightMax = max(rightMax, height[r]) "See full answer

    Software Engineer
    Data Structures & Algorithms
    +4 more
  • 11 answers
    +8

    "select DISTINCT p.product_id, p.product_name , CASE when sale_date is null then 'Not Sold' else 'Sold' END as sale_status from products p left join sales s on p.productid= s.productid `"

    Gowtami K. - "select DISTINCT p.product_id, p.product_name , CASE when sale_date is null then 'Not Sold' else 'Sold' END as sale_status from products p left join sales s on p.productid= s.productid `"See full answer

    Coding
    SQL
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