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SQL Interview Questions

Review this list of 57 SQL interview questions and answers verified by hiring managers and candidates.
  • Video answer for 'Employee Earnings.'
    +67

    "select e.firstname as firstname, m.salary as manager_salary from employees e join employees m on e.manager_id = m.id where e.salary > m.salary; `"

    Ravi K. - "select e.firstname as firstname, m.salary as manager_salary from employees e join employees m on e.manager_id = m.id where e.salary > m.salary; `"See full answer

    Software Engineer
    SQL
    +4 more
  • IBM logoAsked at IBM 
    +62

    "SELECT MIN(id) AS id, TRIM(LOWER(email)) AS cleaned_email FROM users GROUP BY cleaned_email ORDER BY id `"

    Salome L. - "SELECT MIN(id) AS id, TRIM(LOWER(email)) AS cleaned_email FROM users GROUP BY cleaned_email ORDER BY id `"See full answer

    Backend Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +34

    "SELECT customer_id, order_date, orderid AS secondearliestorderid FROM ( SELECT order_id, customer_id, order_date, ROWNUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY customerid, orderdate ORDER BY orderid ASC) AS rank FROM orders ) WHERE rank = 2 ORDER BY orderdate, customerid `"

    Tiffany A. - "SELECT customer_id, order_date, orderid AS secondearliestorderid FROM ( SELECT order_id, customer_id, order_date, ROWNUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY customerid, orderdate ORDER BY orderid ASC) AS rank FROM orders ) WHERE rank = 2 ORDER BY orderdate, customerid `"See full answer

    SQL
    Coding
  • +31

    "WITH filtered_posts AS ( SELECT p.user_id, p.issuccessfulpost FROM post p WHERE p.postdate >= '2023-11-01' AND p.postdate < '2023-12-01' ), post_summary AS ( SELECT pu.user_type, COUNT(*) AS post_attempt, SUM(CASE WHEN fp.issuccessfulpost = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS post_success FROM filtered_posts fp JOIN postuser pu ON fp.userid = pu.user_id GROUP BY pu.user_type ) SELECT user_type, post_success, post_attempt, CAST(postsuccess AS FLOAT) / postattempt AS postsuccessrate FROM po"

    David I. - "WITH filtered_posts AS ( SELECT p.user_id, p.issuccessfulpost FROM post p WHERE p.postdate >= '2023-11-01' AND p.postdate < '2023-12-01' ), post_summary AS ( SELECT pu.user_type, COUNT(*) AS post_attempt, SUM(CASE WHEN fp.issuccessfulpost = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS post_success FROM filtered_posts fp JOIN postuser pu ON fp.userid = pu.user_id GROUP BY pu.user_type ) SELECT user_type, post_success, post_attempt, CAST(postsuccess AS FLOAT) / postattempt AS postsuccessrate FROM po"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +42

    "Here's a simpler solution: select u.username , count(p.postid) as countposts from posts as p join users as u on p.userid = u.userid where p.likes >= 100 group by 1 order by 2 desc, 1 asc limit 3 `"

    Bradley E. - "Here's a simpler solution: select u.username , count(p.postid) as countposts from posts as p join users as u on p.userid = u.userid where p.likes >= 100 group by 1 order by 2 desc, 1 asc limit 3 `"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
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  • +22

    "-- Write your query here select id, (case when p_id is null then 'Root' when pid in (select id from treenode_table) and id in (select pid from treenode_table) then 'Inner' else 'Leaf' end) as node_types from treenodetable order by 1; `"

    Anonymous Roadrunner - "-- Write your query here select id, (case when p_id is null then 'Root' when pid in (select id from treenode_table) and id in (select pid from treenode_table) then 'Inner' else 'Leaf' end) as node_types from treenodetable order by 1; `"See full answer

    SQL
    Coding
  • +60

    "SELECT id, first_name, last_name, salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 3 `"

    Kavi S. - "SELECT id, first_name, last_name, salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 3 `"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +31

    "with empbysalary as ( select id, firstname, lastname, salary, department_id, rank() over (partition by department_id order by salary desc) as rnk from employees ) select d.name as department_name, e.id as employee_id, e.firstname, e.lastname, e.salary from empbysalary e join departments d on e.department_id=d.id where e.rnk=1 order by 1; `"

    Rishabh L. - "with empbysalary as ( select id, firstname, lastname, salary, department_id, rank() over (partition by department_id order by salary desc) as rnk from employees ) select d.name as department_name, e.id as employee_id, e.firstname, e.lastname, e.salary from empbysalary e join departments d on e.department_id=d.id where e.rnk=1 order by 1; `"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +20

    "SELECT u.user_id, u.user_name, u.email, ROUND(AVG(CASE WHEN b.status = 'Unmatched' THEN 1.0 ELSE 0 END), 2) AS avgunmatchedbookings FROM users u LEFT JOIN bookings b ON u.userid = b.userid GROUP BY u.user_id, u.user_name, u.email; `"

    Akshay D. - "SELECT u.user_id, u.user_name, u.email, ROUND(AVG(CASE WHEN b.status = 'Unmatched' THEN 1.0 ELSE 0 END), 2) AS avgunmatchedbookings FROM users u LEFT JOIN bookings b ON u.userid = b.userid GROUP BY u.user_id, u.user_name, u.email; `"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +21

    "The user table no longer exists as expected - I get an error that user does not contain user_id. Note that querying the table results in only user:swuoevkivrjfta select * FROM user `"

    Evan R. - "The user table no longer exists as expected - I get an error that user does not contain user_id. Note that querying the table results in only user:swuoevkivrjfta select * FROM user `"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +17

    "--country names are UPPERCASE but the table in the in the question showing lowercase. That's why it took me a while to figure it out until I ran the country column WITH RECURSIVE Hierarchy AS ( SELECT e.Emp_ID, CONCAT(e.FirstName, ' ', e.MiddleName, ' ', e.LastName) AS FullName, e.Manager_ID, 0 AS Level, CASE WHEN e.Country = 'IRELAND' THEN s.Salary * 1.09 WHEN e.Country = 'INDIA' THEN s.Salary * 0.012 ELSE s.Salary "

    Victor N. - "--country names are UPPERCASE but the table in the in the question showing lowercase. That's why it took me a while to figure it out until I ran the country column WITH RECURSIVE Hierarchy AS ( SELECT e.Emp_ID, CONCAT(e.FirstName, ' ', e.MiddleName, ' ', e.LastName) AS FullName, e.Manager_ID, 0 AS Level, CASE WHEN e.Country = 'IRELAND' THEN s.Salary * 1.09 WHEN e.Country = 'INDIA' THEN s.Salary * 0.012 ELSE s.Salary "See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +12

    "Required output in the solution not the one requested from the question. only customerid, firstname, last_name and years were required. Please this needs to be very clear. Otherwise my answer is with totalorderyear as ( SELECT o.customer_id, c.first_name, c.last_name, EXTRACT(YEAR FROM o.orderdate) AS orderyear, COUNT(o.orderid) AS totalorders FROM orders o LEFT JOIN customers c ON c.customerid = o.customerid GROUP BY o.customerid, c.firstname, c.last"

    Gloriose H. - "Required output in the solution not the one requested from the question. only customerid, firstname, last_name and years were required. Please this needs to be very clear. Otherwise my answer is with totalorderyear as ( SELECT o.customer_id, c.first_name, c.last_name, EXTRACT(YEAR FROM o.orderdate) AS orderyear, COUNT(o.orderid) AS totalorders FROM orders o LEFT JOIN customers c ON c.customerid = o.customerid GROUP BY o.customerid, c.firstname, c.last"See full answer

    SQL
    Coding
  • +25

    "select name, stock from products p left join transactions t on p.id = t.product_id order by date desc limit 1"

    Daniel C. - "select name, stock from products p left join transactions t on p.id = t.product_id order by date desc limit 1"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +15

    "SELECT SUM(orderquantity) AS totalunitsorderedyesterday FROM orders WHERE order_date = DATE('now', '-1 DAY') `"

    Akshay D. - "SELECT SUM(orderquantity) AS totalunitsorderedyesterday FROM orders WHERE order_date = DATE('now', '-1 DAY') `"See full answer

    SQL
    Coding
  • +10

    "In the question it says: "above the overall average total posts", which to me implying a >, yet in the solution it uses >= Caused me 1 hr to find out. plz fix"

    Peter W. - "In the question it says: "above the overall average total posts", which to me implying a >, yet in the solution it uses >= Caused me 1 hr to find out. plz fix"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +23

    "with cte as (select ts.employee_id, e.name, t.id as test_id, max(distinct ts.score) as total from test_results as ts join tests as t on ts.test_id = t.id join employees as e on ts.employee_id = e.id group by ts.employee_id, e.name, t.id) select employee_id, name as employee_name, sum(total) as total_score from cte group by employee_id, employee_name order by total_score desc, employee_id asc ;"

    Christian B. - "with cte as (select ts.employee_id, e.name, t.id as test_id, max(distinct ts.score) as total from test_results as ts join tests as t on ts.test_id = t.id join employees as e on ts.employee_id = e.id group by ts.employee_id, e.name, t.id) select employee_id, name as employee_name, sum(total) as total_score from cte group by employee_id, employee_name order by total_score desc, employee_id asc ;"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +23

    "SELECT pro.id, pro.title, pro.budget, COUNT(employeeid) AS numemployees, SUM(e.salary) as total_salaries FROM projects pro JOIN employeesprojects ep ON ep.projectid = pro.id JOIN employees e ON e.id = ep.employee_id GROUP BY project_id; `"

    Zacharias E. - "SELECT pro.id, pro.title, pro.budget, COUNT(employeeid) AS numemployees, SUM(e.salary) as total_salaries FROM projects pro JOIN employeesprojects ep ON ep.projectid = pro.id JOIN employees e ON e.id = ep.employee_id GROUP BY project_id; `"See full answer

    SQL
    Coding
  • +10

    " select user_id, b.marketing_channel from user_sessions a Left join attribution b on b.sessionid = a.sessionid group by 1,2 HAVING sum(purchasevalue)>100 and min(adclick_timestamp) `"

    G B. - " select user_id, b.marketing_channel from user_sessions a Left join attribution b on b.sessionid = a.sessionid group by 1,2 HAVING sum(purchasevalue)>100 and min(adclick_timestamp) `"See full answer

    Data Engineer
    SQL
    +3 more
  • +15

    "SELECT name, type, CASE WHEN type = 'Electronic' THEN price-(0.10*price) WHEN type = 'Clothing' THEN price-(0.20*price) WHEN type = 'Grocery' THEN price-(0.05*price) WHEN type = 'Book' THEN price-(0.15*price) ELSE price END AS discounted_price FROM products; `"

    Akshay D. - "SELECT name, type, CASE WHEN type = 'Electronic' THEN price-(0.10*price) WHEN type = 'Clothing' THEN price-(0.20*price) WHEN type = 'Grocery' THEN price-(0.05*price) WHEN type = 'Book' THEN price-(0.15*price) ELSE price END AS discounted_price FROM products; `"See full answer

    SQL
    Coding
  • +10

    "SELECT items.item_category, SUM(orders.orderquantity) AS totalunitsorderedlast7days FROM orders JOIN items ON orders.itemid = items.itemid WHERE orders.order_date BETWEEN DATE('now', '-6 days') AND DATE('now') GROUP BY items.item_category `"

    Salome L. - "SELECT items.item_category, SUM(orders.orderquantity) AS totalunitsorderedlast7days FROM orders JOIN items ON orders.itemid = items.itemid WHERE orders.order_date BETWEEN DATE('now', '-6 days') AND DATE('now') GROUP BY items.item_category `"See full answer

    SQL
    Coding
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